Abstract: Electrodialysis Process principles, technical features, profiles and application of domestic production of condensate wastewater treatment in ammonium nitrate an example. Proved: electrodialysis device for handling the production of ammonia nitrate for Excessive condensation water can effectively achieve resource recovery, energy conservation, recycling economy, we have unique advantages and application value. Keywords: electrodialysis; ammonium nitrate condensate wastewater; wastewater treatment; principle; examplesAmmonium nitrate plant in China most of the traditional technologies and equipment obsolete, backward technology, Environmental protection Low, and in the production process produce large amounts of nitrogen from industrial effluent. Ammonium nitrate production process especially since the decision by the dilute nitric acid into the water in the neutralization, evaporation and crystallization process to form the second steam discharge, the formation of the process condensate containing ammonium nitrate and ammonia, as ammonium nitrate production main water source. The direct discharge of condensate if it will lead to emissions of ammonia content in water exceeded its cause eutrophication of surface water, water damage Environment The ecological balance. Such as nitric acid absorption tower directly back to back does not help with safety, and also not all recycled. Lack of effective control measures, some manufacturers use dilution approach dilute water to achieve standard discharge, consuming water. Present, the new place and industry Sewage Emission standards have increased the ammonia standards are, and emissions limits and emissions of water pollutants discharge baseline levels were provisions made accordingly. Therefore, the ammonium nitrate condensate treatment and recycling as ammonium nitrate producers face a pressing problem. Has developed the use of electrodialysis (ED) technology in wastewater treatment process condensate ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate in waste water can be used in the production system back to the same time so that water condensation on pollution. Electrodialysis established from the 50's since the 20th century, in the process of engineering the rapid rise of technology, increasing the role. China is starting from 1958, Electrodialysis Engineering research and development work, is an early start in the world, one of the countries [1]. 1. Process Principles Electrodialysis in DC field, the potential difference to drive the use of ion exchange Membrane Through sexual selection, to separate the electrolyte from the solution in order to achieve the solution of dilute, concentrated, refined or purified purposes. Use of electrodialysis desalination of this, from some Chemical industry, Medicine, food and other products in the removal of inorganic electrolytes to achieve separation, purification, purification and refining the purpose to improve product quality. And gradually expanded to Desalination Preparation of pure water and water treatment industry, in the heavy metal waste, radioactive waste and other industrial wastewater treatment have been applied [2]. Membrane electrodialysis system consists of a series of Yin and Yang membrane alternately arranged on the yin and yang between the two electrodes composed of many small water chamber separated by a membrane. When the raw water into the small room, the solution through the ion selective ion exchange membrane and cation exchange membranes allow only cations CM, by blocking anion, while the anion exchange membrane AM and vice versa. Under DC electric field, ions in solution for directional migration. Cations migrate to the cathode, anions migrate to the anode, which occurred in the solute solution and water separation. As the ion exchange membrane with selective permeability, resulting in decreased concentration of small rooms and a water room, water room with a small room adjacent to a large number of ions due to enrichment of a concentrated water Room. A fresh room and a total concentration of the water chamber as a unit. An electrodialysis unit is the number of such units formed. Fresh water from the chamber room and were concentrated by water and concentrate. Solute in raw water was separated and concentrated, and the water was clean. The process principle in Figure 1. In the ammonium nitrate process condensate treatment, condensate into the electrodialysis system is divided into three shares, an ion mobility as a conduction current and the driving force of most water, the other two shares into the electrodialysis system, NH4 + and NO3-in electric field under the effect of ion migration, NH4 + through the cation exchange membrane CM migrate to the cathode, NO3-AM by anion-exchange membrane to the anode migrate in order to achieve the ammonium nitrate Condensate Separation and recovery of ammonium nitrate processing. 2. Technical Features Electrodialysis and ion exchange, reverse osmosis, just as separation, a method of extracting material, its major disadvantage is the run-prone process of concentration polarization caused by fouling, compared with reverse osmosis technology, Desalination relatively low [3]. However, the advantage of electrodialysis is very prominent, the main features are as follows. 2.1 device design flexibility Demineralization rates compare any, required in 30% to 99% of the range of choices. High recovery of raw water, is generally 65% to 80%. Device design and system applications flexible, depending on the conditions require the flexibility to use different forms of system design, parallel increase water production, desalination series can increase the rate cycle or part of the process cycle can be shortened. The simple, easy to mechanization and automation. 2.2 Low energy consumption Electrodialysis process no phase change, the salt content in certain conditions is the use of clean Energy Power to the water has been lost from the solution of the ion mobility, power consumption is also low, with significant economic benefits, is more economical water treatment technologies. Also carried out at room temperature, the product performance of small, applied to amino acids, vitamins, etc. The active compound thermal production, reducing the possibility of undermining the structure or reduce the occurrence of side effects, stable product quality. 2.3 No environmental pollution Electrodialysis run-time, process clean, unlike the saturated ion exchange resin as a failure of the problem, so do not acid, alkali frequent regeneration, do not need to add other drugs, only regular cleaning with a small amount of acid, can be achieve extraction of valuable components, to achieve separation, purification, purified and refined products, the purpose, the basic pollution-free environment. Compared with reverse osmosis, nor the strong high-pressure pump noise is conducive to the implementation of clean and civilized production. 2.4 long life Simple pretreatment plant, equipment durability. Special membrane separation generally available 3 ~ 5a, electrode can be 7 ~ 8a, 15a can be about partitions. And easy maintenance. 3. Electrodialysis condensate handling ammonium nitrate Overview Electrodialysis brackish water desalination in the past, and are mainly used in boilers and industrial engineering and other primary preparation of pure water, with a better selectivity, thermal stability, chemical stability and mechanical properties of the new

EXPO emphasize low carbon future urban advocate of green building materials Took six months of 2010 Shanghai World Expo on May 1 the official welcoming low carbon elements throughout the Expo and Expo tiles used in construction of sports facilities is also very good interpretation of the concept of low carbon echoing the quot city so that Better Life quot theme Independent newspaper reporter found that the Shanghai World Expo the Expo Site in low carbon technologies and equipment everywhere the park of China Pavilion Theme Pavilion Expo Center performing arts centers and other large buildings on the roof and glass curtain wall on the installation of solar cells and rainwater harvesting systems The park is within the means of transport using electric vehicles ultracapacitor vehicles and new fuel cell vehicle so that quot zero emissions quot In addition the eco energy saving building river water heat energy collection and other new technologies are widely used within the Expo There is also the opening ceremony with the micro smoke no residue no odor low carbon Display Shells toilet paper and the details of the yellow low carbon environment we can see that Shanghai World Expo will be a low carbon environmentally friendly theme is very clear External walls of buildings in the Expo area and almost do not see daily use of outer wall Body outside the British Museum The quot growth quot six thousand roots extending in all directions of quot tentacles quot these quot whiskers quot as the day will be like fiber optic transmission of light illuminates the interior Wall from the 8524 Spanish Pavilion of natural rattan weave environmentally friendly and traditional Canadian Museum of wall is covered with a special green leaves of greenhouse plants played a cool dust moisture and other effects Swiss Pavilion Pavilion outside the main screen curtain is made from soybean fibers both for power generation but also natural degradation In addition Vanke Center Japan Pavilion Hall and other venues in Brazil are obviously the external walls of carbon can feel the taste Many well known ceramics enterprises for the current construction of the Expo venue provides a low carbon tiles Expo Hall as the only zero carbon tiles selected for the museum to be brand champions tile interior works undertaking the Expo Hall of zero carbon zero carbon Communications Department Office of zero carbon energy sources zero carbon building materials gallery zero carbon city hall other regions were more than 800 square meters of ceramic tile laying task In addition the Nobel tiles produced by virtue of dirt and strong high wear resistance characteristics making the theme of the Expo Hall Performing Arts Center World Expo Village the Expo Centre Expo venues Nobel tiles used in a total area of more than 100 000 square meters Fujian Huatai Group of composite ceramic solar panels have been successfully applied to the Expo project due to a low carbon energy based intelligent high tech content and in line with world environmental protection Expo Hall of the wall in many countries have adopted this section ceramic plate Italian Pavilion with its own brand of antibacterial national GranitiFiandre tile floors tile floor of the antibacterial air pollution can be reduced by 30 to show to visitors in a building materials to improve the environmental quality revolution Ou Shennuo ceramic chairman Baojie Jun newspaper on one of the quot remarks quot section said quot China Ceramic Industry now has the level of production quality and so close to and even beyond Italy Spain and other traditional ceramic power but in the industry Green environmental protection and value to their products so there are big gaps Chinese ceramic industry in order to compete in international markets overall upper hand it must reinforce its few shortcomings Only in the modern technology support the times reborn transformed into a new green creative industries ceramic power truly one of the world quot Jane chairman of Li Zhilin a ceramic chairman also told this reporter that in the China to promote one of the greatest obstacles sheet consumers will quot thin quot misread as quot cutting corners quot followed by the technical difficulty With the quot Notice quot and the World Expo will further implement the quot low carbon green quot concept widely promoted those who mastered the technology leader in low carbon green ceramic companies will take greater advantage of market competition The strong stronger ceramic industry will enter a quot winner takes all quot era quot Winner takes all quot is mainly embodied in two aspects quot the poor getting poorer the rich get richer quot and quot one step ahead step by step ahead quot When a lucrative industry it will surely attract more competitors to intervene means the start of competition In the course of fierce competition industry profits will fall sharply with the loss of those who were eliminated one by one increased industry consolidation the few remaining until the market Sometimes only one quot Who left quot And professional firms are able to persist to the end In China the quot winner takes all quot phenomenon has swept through one after another industry such as household appliances and telecommunications industries Ever increasing market concentration is also China 39 s construction machinery industry trends ceramics Currently building ceramic machinery suppliers more than 200 in recent years competition in the industry entered a period of relatively mature significant market share in several major advantages to the brand concentration By the end of April quot the first second in the world quot and to 960 million yuan acquisition of Keda Electrical HENGLITAI industry resources and further concentrated The combined electrical and mechanical subjects will be more actively participate in international competition sources said it will further expand overseas markets so overseas market share increased to 50 For the state promulgated the quot Notice quot Keda Electrical and general manager of clear side way quot is good news especially in subjects of low carbon projects such as large sized thin technology wall items artificial stone clean gas and so on but how good should continue quot Mode Na Machinery Co Ltd Foshan City formerly known as the Italian pottery machine companies in the technology research and development on a good team and system 3 years ago has begun development of energy saving equipment Commercial Director Jiunn Liang Wu said Shandong Fujian and the Northeast the past few years a number of new producing areas are seriously the introduction of energy saving equipment even if these devices become more expensive than similar products by about 30 Jiunn Liang Wu that quot notice quot of the implementation on Mode Na high performance insulation and clean drying kilns and other equipment will be a great role in promoting sales Although the property market the impact of the ceramic industry has a lag ceramic industry and other downstream businesses will not be much affected for the time being but the introduction of national standards and the corresponding administrative regulation will enhance the industry 39 s entry barriers accelerate backward enterprises elimination and real estate quot do not buy or buy up quot phenomenon is also the prospects for the ceramic industry to bring the haze How to quickly upgrade their business in the market influence and prevent risks competition in the industry to take advantage of the ceramic industry all businesses are now faced with the urgent problem Wen iron hand out backward production capacity mixed ceramic industry May 4 the State Council issued the quot further intensify its efforts to ensure the realization of quot five quot emission reduction targets of the notice quot quot the quot Notice quot quot quot notice quot clearly states that quot strengthening the power steel nonferrous metals petrochemical chemical building materials energy saving management and other key industries increase the use of advanced adaptive technologies to transform traditional industries strengthen the supervision of new building energy efficiency the end of 2010 new buildings cities and towns the proportion of the implementation of mandatory standards for energy efficiency to achieve more than 95 quot quot fixed assets investment projects as soon as possible energy assessment and review of management practices to accomplish urban drainage and wastewater treatment regulations review of changes good air pollution control laws Amendment water conservation regulations regulations of ecological compensation drafting research to develop key energy unit of Energy management practices supervision and management methods of energy measurement energy saving product certification management practices management practices of major pollutants such as emissions permits improve the standard quota for energy consumption per unit of product used energy efficiency standards building energy standards quot The quot notification quot harsh tone dealing with an iron hand quot tight control 39 two high 39 and industry overcapacity new projects Investment departments at all levels to further strengthen the management of the project review not approval this year approval filing 39 two high 39 and industries with excess capacity to expand production capacity projects not by the EIA energy review and land pre qualification will be allowed to start construction irregularities in building projects relevant departments shall order to stop the construction financial institutions are not allowed to grant loans on the violation into The project should be ordered to stop production financial institutions are not allowed to grant loans for working capital the relevant departments to stop power supply implement the restrictions on 39 two high 39 export policies control of 39 two high 39 exports quot quot Notice quot also contains the corresponding economic control measures quot notice quot Article V provides quot in the central budget for investment 33 3 billion yuan 50 billion yuan central budget funds focusing on ten key energy conservation projects development of circular economy out of backward production capacity urban sewage and garbage disposal water pollution control in key river valleys as well as capacity building energy saving environmental protection energy saving special funds to be able to direct the formation of energy saving capacity of the project tilted funds issued as soon as possible as soon as possible energy saving capacity authorities to introduce by mid June to speed up the implementation of the contract energy management energy services industry to promote the development of related policies on energy services company for enterprises to implement energy saving support quot Article X quot to increase sewage disposal fees for reforming the waste disposal fee charging method to actively support the implementation of energy saving state income tax VAT and other preferential policies and carry forward reform of resource tax as soon as possible compensation for the use and trading of emission rights guidance deepen the pilot ecological compensation improve ecological compensation mechanism to carry out environmental pollution liability insurance financial institutions to increase credit support for energy conservation projects quot 5 May the State Council held a national teleconference on energy saving and emission reduction Premier Wen Jiabao told the meeting that the first quarter of this year power steel nonferrous metals building materials petrochemicals chemicals and other energy intensive industry to speed up 6 big growth National energy consumption per unit of GDP increased by 3 2 greatly increasing the pressure of work after three quarters He stressed the need to take iron wrist eliminate backward production capacity energy efficiency goals of each region to pursue the major outstanding leadership and related leadership under the circumstances to give the appropriate punishment up to dismissal To prevent fraud a fraud by the discovery data and firmly dealt with severely After the implementation of various provinces and cities have started to deploy Because the Chinese ceramic industry back in 2007 on vigorously promoting industrial upgrading the recent urban construction and building materials to the countryside policies for ceramic industry is flourishing quot notification quot has not yet explicitly ceramics as a quot backward production quot but quot notice quot does not on the quot two high quot and quot excess capacity quot to make a clear definition and decomposition of emissions reduction targets to local governments has braved the quot two high quot to bear the blame of the ceramic industry hung his head or a sword

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Stormwater management is the process or the action of dealing with the quantity and condition of stormwater. This consists of structural and also engineered control devices and systems (e.g. retention ponds) meant for managing dirty stormwater, as well as functional or procedural routines. Management of stormwater is really important, especially in cities where stormwater runoff is always a problem.

Stormwater is not merely water that is delivered by rains and storms. The term covers all water from precipitation events, including snowfall and runoff water brought on by overwatering. Stormwater is of concern for a couple main reasons. One reason is connected to the volume and time of runoff water (such as flood management and water supplies) and the other relates to the probable pollutants that the water is carrying.

Unlike loose earth or sand, impervious areas like parking lots, roads, houses, and compacted earth do not permit rain to seep into the ground. This is the reason a lot more runoff water will be created within cities and urbanized regions in comparison with rural or forested regions. This really is unfortunate and can be detrimental to the ecosystem since rather than getting lost as runoff water, it would have refreshed groundwater or supply stream base flow in dry weather condition.

Stormwater management research has shown that extra runoff might deteriorate watercourses, such as streams and rivers, and lead to floods if the stormwater collection process is overwhelmed by the extra flow. If not properly managed, runoff water due to substantial or constant rain could cause severe destruction to human lives and property.

Contaminated runoff migh result from contaminants coming into surface waters during precipitation events. It's not as rare as one might assume. Daily human activities deposit pollutants on roadways, grass, homes, farm fields along with surfaces. These are picked up by runoffs and then eventually wind up in streams, wetlands and oceans in serious quantities.

In a few places, polluted runoff from streets and freeways could be the biggest source of water pollution. Other complications of polluted stormwater are stream erosion, weed invasion as well as alteration to normal flow patterns. Unfortunately, a lot of indigenous species count on these patterns and circulation rates for spawning, development and also migration. Some stormwater management methods were created to get rid of pollutants from runoffs before they pollute surface waters or even groundwater resources.

Management of stormwater may be source management, to ensure detrimental elements are controlled to avoid discharge of contaminants into the ecosystem. On the other hand, normal waterways that still exist or may be rehabilitated can be acquired and protected. Building soft structures such as ponds, swales or wetlands to utilize existing or "hard" water drainage structures (such as pipes and concrete channels) can also be useful in managing runoffs.

Stormwater management might be more productive by teaching people about how exactly human activities influence water quality and also what they are able to do to improve the situation. Current regulations and ordinances need to be improved to deal with comprehensive stormwater requirements and ensure that property owners take into account the effects of stormwater prior to, during and following development of their land. All in all, individuals working together with the law can make a difference in reducing the unwanted side effects of stormwater runoff on the natural environment.

"12 5" during the difficult treatment of industrial wastewater in China is what? What will strengthen control? Magnitude of demand for industrial wastewater treatment? Wastewater treatment of the fundamental ideas on how to adjust? How to ensure stable business compliance and how to continuously improve the capacity of wastewater treatment? Water network in China recently hosted the 2010 Strategic Forum on Urban Water Industry, China Environmental protection Industry Association Water Pollution Breakdown of the Secretary-General Wang Jialian Governance Committee, "12 5" Industrial Wastewater Treatment ideas. Future wastewater treatment market, how much? 2008 Industrial Wastewater three indicators in the fall, "12 5" should be the basic principles of clean production According to the 2008 National Environment Statistical Communique of the data, industrial wastewater in 2008 was 24.17 billion tons of emissions, accounting for 42.3% of the total wastewater discharge, a decrease of 2.0%. COD emissions from industrial wastewater 4.576 million tons, accounting for 34.6% of the total COD discharge, a decrease of 10.5%. 297,000 tons of industrial ammonia emissions, accounting for 23.4% of ammonia emissions, a decrease of 12.9% over the previous year. 3 ratio in that, in 2008 China's industrial wastewater pollution reduction achieved certain results. Industrial wastewater pollution control plans to reduce COD100 million tons in 2008 to achieve expected in the "Eleventh Five-Year" by the end of over-achieving. "But according to the 2008 National Industrial Waste reduction results of calculations, China's total industrial wastewater COD concentration remained at 189.3mg / L this level, this is a very high value." Wangjia Lian said. Wang Jialian participated in the "12 5" part of the planning phase, he believes that the future of industrial wastewater pollution control basic idea is: first, to actively promote clean production, vigorously develop the circular economy and control the entire process. Second, the system requiring the elimination of, the adjustment of industrial structure to increase efforts to promote the depth of industrial enterprises in pollution control. 3, continue to implement the total control of industrial pollution, improve emission standards, and implementing recycling, low emissions of industrial emissions policy. 4, Environmental Services to develop and strengthen the operation of industrial wastewater treatment facilities to improve the level and environmental supervision and management. 5, control, focus on pollution control index and total nitrogen, biodegradable organic compounds, sulfur and high-salinity wastewater. Wang Jialian analysis, wastewater treatment will be business opportunities in the market. "12 5" during the industrial wastewater treatment waste water treatment facilities to improve the stability of the standard discharge level. COD is expected to reduce emissions by more than 1.5 million tons, more than 20,000 tons ammonia nitrogen. Calculated by investment demand, reduced need to invest 30 billion yuan of industrial COD, ammonia nitrogen reduction required to invest six billion yuan industrial, estimated "12 5" during the industrial wastewater treatment needs of about 125 billion yuan of total investment, average annual investment of 25 billion yuan governance about. In 2008 China's industrial wastewater treatment industry Sell Income of about 50.7 billion yuan, industrial wastewater pollution control industry sales value of 15% average annual growth rate is expected to "12 5" during the industrial wastewater treatment industry sales value of about 137.5 billion yuan. Which means indispensable? Clean production, develop recycling economy, control the entire process, from raw materials reduced to optimize the production process, to end emissions increase, these tools are indispensable, but also to unite to ensure the facilities compliance is very important to run "12 5" period, the industrial structural adjustment, emission standards will improve. Wang Jialian that the products of some backward production capacity will be eliminated, adjusted the object will be the high energy consumption, high material consumption, high pollution and resource consumption of the industrial sector and small manufacturing enterprises, such as straw pulp, coal, Chemical industry, Coke, dyes, Medicine, Pesticides and other fine chemicals, brewing, cassava starch alcohol, these industries are characterized by wastewater pollution control difficult, high investment, high operating costs, more losses than gains.

The 21st century demands extremely advanced water purification technology to meet the increasing needs of both the public and the private sector. Fortunately the scientific community has kept pace with those demands, and every day professional engineers are involved in the innovative design, installation, management, and operation of complex water purification services throughout the world.

A Variety of Water Purification Applications

Some water purification experts perform emergency water purification procedures using high-tech but quickly and efficiently portable systems. These include the temporary but urgent filtration and purification of water in places where safe drinking water has been contaminated, or where normal water supply infrastructure has been destroyed - such as in the wake of a natural disaster. Others work to recycle water for governments and municipalities, to help preserve this valuable and diminishing natural resource and lower the cost of water to the general public.

Specialized Water Purification Systems

Then there are many experts who provide a variety of services, such as specialized ultrafiltration of water that is used in specific applications such as those employed within the drug manufacturing or health care sectors. Many hospitals or pharmaceutical companies have to use ultra-pure water which is inspected, tested, and certified by the FDA and other regulatory agencies. Producing water that meets these demanding laboratory standards requires not just state-of-the-art water filtration but also adherence to consistently verifiable metrics and scientific criteria.

In other cases, such as those related to certain manufacturing processes, water professionals will oversee the reclaimation of valuable chemicals from industrial wastewater. Then there are unique applications of water purification such as those deployed by the military that have to guarantee that on-site water filtration systems can be totally self-contained, independent, and backed up by secondary health and safety contingency protocols.

Various Water Purification System Services

Ultrapure water treatment, for instance, filters out suspended solids, organic carbon, dissolved gases, and biological organisms like harmful bacteria and viruses. Other systems ensure that hazardous materials like copper or lead don't enter our rivers and reservoirs through wastewater.

So those who perform water purification services - whether as consultants, on-site water engineers, or managers of water systems and technological infrastructure - use a number of different processes and methods. To accomplish their goals they take advantage of such processes as reverse osmosis water purification, portable water purification, UV water purification, and ozone water purification.

With the help of highly-trained and educated water purification system engineers, it is possible to create water filtration and chemical purification solutions to address practically any water purification problem. Once a system has been built, of course, these experts also needed to constantly monitor and adjust the water purification system specifications to ensure safe, optimal results.

William Daly
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